![]() ![]() This is where the clinician holds the knee in flexed position, and pushes the tibia posteriorly. To test for PCL damage, perform the posterior draw test. ![]() ![]() The posterior cruciate ligament can also be torn by hyperextension of the knee joint, or by damage to the upper part of the tibial tuberosity. This is often seen in car accidents, where the knee hits the dashboard. This occurs when the knee is flexed, and a large force is applied to the shins, pushing the tibia posteriorly. The most common mechanism of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) damage is the ‘dashboard injury’. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can be torn by hyperextension of the knee joint, or by the application of a large force to the back of the knee with the joint partly flexed. To test for this, you can perform an anterior drawer test, where you attempt to pull the tibia forwards, if it moves, the ligament has been torn. If the medial collateral ligament is damaged, it is more than likely that the medial meniscus is torn, due to their attachment. Pain on medial rotation indicates damage to the medial ligament, pain on lateral rotation indicates damage to the lateral ligament. It is caused by a force being applied to the side of the knee when the foot is placed on the ground.ĭamage to the collateral ligaments can be assessed by asking the patient to medially rotate and laterally rotate the leg. Injury to the collateral ligaments is the most common pathology affecting the knee joint. It prevents posterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur.Ĭlinical Relevance: Injury to the Knee Joint Collateral Ligaments Posterior cruciate ligament – attaches at the posterior intercondylar region of the tibia and ascends anteriorly to attach to the anteromedial femoral condyle.It prevents anterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur. It ascends posteriorly to attach to the femur in the intercondylar fossa. Anterior cruciate ligament – attaches at the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia where it blends with the medial meniscus.In doing so, they cross each other, hence the term ‘cruciate’ (Latin for like a cross) Cruciate Ligaments – these two ligaments connect the femur and the tibia.Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament – thinner and rounder than the tibial collateral, this attaches proximally to the lateral epicondyle of the femur, distally it attaches to a depression on the lateral surface of the fibular head.Proximally, it attaches to the medial epicondyle of the femur, distally it attaches to the medial condyle of the tibia. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament – wide and flat ligament, found on the medial side of the joint.They act to stabilise the hinge motion of the knee, preventing excessive medial or lateral movement Collateral ligaments – two strap-like ligaments.Patellar ligament – a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella.The major ligaments in the knee joint are: ![]()
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